INDIAN PARTICLE

 
 
Synchrotrons have arrangement of various electromagnets in a circular fashion bending beam line. Advantage is that they need smaller space than a linear accelerator of same energy and can be continuously accelerated as the particles can continue to move unlimited times in the same ring. Generally, a subatomic particle, such as an electron or a proton, or a heavy-ion particle, such as a Carbon ion—is accelerated to very high energies in the presence of an alternating electric field while confined to a constant orbit by a magnetic field. The magnetic field serves to bend or deflect the path of the charged particles. In order to maintain a constant trajectory within the cyclic accelerator, the magnetic field must gradually increase in strength as the particle’s momentum increases.The maximum energy that a cyclic accelerator can impart is typically limited by the strength of the magnetic field(s) and the minimum radius (maximum curvature) of the particle path.
When particles are accelerated, they emit synchrotron radiation, electromagnetic or secondary emissions. Due to circular motion they are always accelerating towards the center of the circle and it continuously radiates towards the tangent of the circle. This is called Synchrotron Light and such light sources producing X-rays are used in various optical studies in geological, biomedical and structural analysis. Large Hadron Collider is the largest synchrotron at CERN. The size of synchrotron varies with requirement of energy to which particles need to be accelerated.
ESRF at Grenoble France is one of the Synchrotron light sources.


In 1979, the Department of Atomic Energy appointed a committee to recommend a comprehensive programme on accelerators including accelerator facilities to be built in India during next 20 years. Among other recommendations, the committee recommended establishment of a Synchrotron Radiation facility. Accordingly, synchrotron radiation sources Indus-1
and Indus -2 are being built at RRCAT. Indus-1, the 450MeV electron storage ring, is the first synchrotron radiation source designed and developed in India. Indus-1 has a critical wavelength of 61Å and is produced in four bending magnets.

The microtron and the booster synchrotron, forming the injector system which supplies 450MeV electrons to the storage ring, have also been developed.

Four synchrotron radiation user’s beamlines on Indus-1 are operational; A fifth is under commissioning and the sixth one is under construction.

 

Technology Synchrotron  Cyclotron  FFAG